Cherokee Woman

by Lianne Schneider

Title

Cherokee Woman

Artist

Lianne Schneider

Medium

Digital Art - Digital Painting/photographic Art

Description

This painting, as with most of my digital paintings, is an original work of art created entirely on a Wacom tablet using a number of different painting programs and various genres of painting styles overlaid upon each other, much the same as the old printing process of chromolithography. In this case, the reference image is a small black and white photograph taken by Edward Curtis which is now in the public domain and stored at the Smithsonian.

The following information is taken or paraphrased primarily from Wikipedia:
The Cherokee are a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and East Tennessee). They speak an Iroquoian language which is evidence that at some point, probably around 1500, the tribe had migrated south from the Iroquois nations of what would become New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and southern Ontario. In the 19th century, historians and ethnographers recorded their oral tradition that told of the tribe having migrated south in ancient times from the Great Lakes region, where other Iroquoian-speaking peoples were. They began to have contact with European traders in the 18th century.

Around 1809 Sequoyah began developing a written form of the Cherokee language. He spoke no English, but his experiences as a silversmith dealing regularly with white settlers, and as a warrior at Horseshoe Bend, convinced him the Cherokee needed to develop writing. In 1821, he introduced Cherokee syllabary, the first written syllabic form of an American Indian language outside of Central America. Initially his innovation was opposed by both Cherokee traditionalists and white missionaries, who sought to encourage the use of English. When Sequoyah taught children to read and write with the syllabary, he reached the adults. By the 1820s, the Cherokee had a higher rate of literacy than the whites around them in Georgia.

In 1827, the Cherokee Nation drafted a Constitution modeled on the United States, with executive, legislative and judicial branches and a system of checks and balances. The fact that they had written language and democratic government is one of the reasons the Cherokee are among what is referred to as the "Five Civilized Tribes."

In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, authorizing the forcible relocation of American Indians east of the Mississippi to a new Indian Territory.
Andrew Jackson said the removal policy was an effort to prevent the Cherokee from facing extinction as a people, which he considered the fate that "the Mohegan, the Narragansett, and the Delaware" had suffered. But, there is ample evidence that the Cherokee were adapting modern farming techniques. A modern analysis shows that the area was in general in a state of economic surplus and could have accommodated both the Cherokee and new settlers.

The Cherokee brought their grievances to a US judicial review that set a precedent in Indian Country. John Ross traveled to Washington, D.C., and won support from National Republican Party leaders Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. Samuel Worcester campaigned on behalf of the Cherokee in New England, where their cause was taken up by Ralph Waldo Emerson (see Emerson's 1838 letter to Martin Van Buren). In June 1830, a delegation led by Chief Ross defended Cherokee rights before the U.S. Supreme Court in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia.

A small group of well-to-do Cherokee, seeing relocation as inevitable, chose to negotiate a settlement exchanging Cherokee land for land in the Indian Territory along with several million dollars. They signed the Treaty of New Echota without authorization from the majority of Cherokee or permission of the Chief John Ross. In spite of his protests, the U. S. Senate ratified the Treaty by a single vote and the stage was set for forcible removal of the tribe.

In 1838, President Martin Van Buren ordered 7,000 Federal troops and state militia under General Winfield Scott into Cherokee lands to evict the tribe. Over 16,000 Cherokee were forcibly relocated westward to Indian Territory in 1838-1839, a migration known as the Trail of Tears (The Trail Where They Cried). Marched over 800 miles across Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri and Arkansas, the people suffered from disease, exposure and starvation, and as many as 4,000 died. As some Cherokees were slaveholders, they took enslaved African Americans with them west of the Mississippi. Intermarried European Americans and missionaries also walked the Trail of Tears. Ross preserved a vestige of independence by negotiating for the Cherokee to conduct their own removal under U.S. supervision.

Thank you so much to the following groups for featuring this image:
ARTISTS BEST FIVE ARTWORKS - TINA
PREMIUM FAA ARTISTS - DAN
BEAUTY - JAMES
ART WITH FLAIR - WILLIAM
ART FROM THE PAST - JOUKO
DIGITAL MAGIC - LAURA
OUT OF THE ORDINARY - LYRIC
IMAGES THAT EXCITE YOU - JOHN
DYNAMIC DIGITAL ART - GARETH
ART PROMOTION AND MARKETING - NICLA
APPRECIATING WORKS FROM ALL MEDIUMS - STEFON
3 A DAY WAITING ROOM ART - PAMELA
ART IT IS GOOD FOR YOU - NINA
SIGNATURE STYLE ART - SHARON
DAILY DOSE OF WISDOM - ETI
ENHANCED ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPHY - DENYSE
MEMORIES AND NOSTALGIA - ALEXANDRIA
DIGITAL ART AND FABULOUS FRACTALS - KIKI ART
ARTIST NEWS - BOB/NADINE
MULTICULTURAL PORTRAITS AND PERSPECTIVES - PHARRIS ART
THE GALLERIA OF INTERIOR DESIGN - BOB/NADINE
ALL FINE ART AMERICA ARTWORK - BOB/NADINE
TOP DIGITAL ARTWORK - NAVIN
BOOK COVERS 1 PER DAY - JO ANN
IN THE MOOD - LISA
EYE OF THE BEHOLDER - JOE
500 VIEWS 1 IMAGE PER DAY - MARIOLA
Many of my paintings, including this one, follow a process similar to early chromolithography in that each section of the painting is often a different layer. Wikipedia describes the process of chromolithography as multi-layered, sometimes requiring 25 to 50 layers to achieve the colors and fine details.

The difference between that process and my own is that in my case I may paint the entire layer originally in a very abstract underpainting then repaint the next layer in a slightly less abstract style, then another layer in a realistic oils or impasto, etc. Another layer may be to deepen the color of only certain areas requiring the "erasing" of all but one small part of the image. Almost all of my paintings require anywhere from 10-30 layers to complete, some as many as 50.

Thank you for your interest in my artwork. I am a western New York based artist with a passion for the sea and a deep love for the natural world around me. If you would like to see more, my full portfolio can be found at http://lianne-schneider.artistwebsites.com. If you enjoy my art works, please feel free to share this link with friends or share on your social networks by pushing the Pinterest, FB, Google+, Twitter or SU Buttons! Thank you! The Fine Art America Watermark will NOT appear on the finished product.

Because the final creations are entirely digital in nature they are considered to be original art work not reproductions. According to the International Association of Fine Art Digital Print Makers (IAFADP), "An original digital print is not based upon using original artwork outside of the computer. The artist may use elements as source materials, such as photographs, drawings or other appropriated images (those in the public domain), but THE FINAL FORM OF THE WORK EXISTS ONLY IN THE COMPUTER AND AS THE FINAL PRINT OR AS AN EDITION OF PRINTS."

Please contact the artist, Lianne Schneider, directly if you purchase this image as a giclee print on canvas, framed or unframed. A signed and numbered Certificate of Authenticity is available for each canvas indicating title of the work, my name, date of creation, a thumbnail of the painting, the origin of original work if the painting is a derivative, the number of your print in the limited printing and a guarantee that the work will no longer be available to the public in a canvas format once a total of 25 canvas prints are sold from all potential vendors.

Copyright Lianne Schneider 2014
This is a rights managed image available for licensing at http://licensing.pixels.com/profiles/lianne-schneider.html

All images and my personal poetry/prose are protected by copyright and may not be reproduced, downloaded, distributed, transmitted, copied, reproduced in derivative works, displayed, published or broadcast by any means or in any form without prior written consent from the artist. My copyright does not imply rights to an underlying public domain image and I make no such claim. Copyright on works derived from or based on images in the public domain applies only to the subsequent manipulation or the digital painting resulting from my own style and interpretation. The original image remains in the public domain and such images are used in accordance with international law.

Uploaded

October 10th, 2014

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